ACQUITY Systems with 2D Technology

This white note compendium by Waters explores multi-dimensional chromatography, focusing on the differences between loop and trap injection. When new technology is introduced, new options and combinations of analysis become available, often enhancing complex analyses. This white paper explains the differences between the two methods and how resolution can be optimized for analyses.

The use of spot testing is the most known technique in forensic analysis for rapid results. For a complete legal identification, a more robust methodology is required, often LC-MS or LC-MS/MS. However, to achieve satisfactory results most often with trace level detection requirements, extensive and time consuming sample preparation protocols and required to reach sub ppb levels. This application note demonstrates the use of multi-dimensional chromatography as a micro extraction technique and sequential 2D extraction for the analysis.

The USP analytical methods monographs are widely used in the development and quality control of drug substances and finished drug products. This application note presents a systematic protocol for using MS detection directly with unmodified USP methods. The USP assay for Irbesartan is used as an example to illustrate the peak transfer protocol.

This application demonstrates the disruptive nature of the ACQUITY UPLC System with 2D-LC Technology with the Xevo TQD Mass Spectrometer. The application targeted the analysis of microcystin RR, LR, and YR in bottled, tap, and surface water. The limit of detection in this study was 50 ppt with a 10:1 enrichment from the extraction protocol (15 min total) and a 200:1 enrichment from the at-column dilution option, for a total of 2000:1.

This application note describes the targeted analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, and AMPA in tap and surface water. The limit of quantification in this study was measured at 1.0 ppb. EPA regulations have an MRL in water set at 700 ppb; the 1.0 ppb quantification limit clearly meets these regulations. Since FMOC has UV absorbance properties, similar detection limits could be reached with a photodiode array detector (PDA), thus offering a cost effective solution.

This application demonstrated the disruptive nature of ACQUITY UPLC Systems with 2D-LC Technology with a Xevo TQD Mass Spectrometer. The application targeted the analysis of PPCP’s and pesticides in bottled, tap, and surface water. The limit of detection in this study was 1.0 ppt with a 10:1 enrichment from the extraction protocol (15 min total) and a 200:1 enrichment from the at-column dilution option, for a total of 2000:1. The recovery data for bottled, tap, and surface water samples using a micro extraction protocol shows comparable results to application with macro extraction protocols.

In this video, Dr. Peter Schoenmakers, Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Amsterdam, discusses his work on improving existing chromatographic methods and developing new multi-dimensional methods for more complex applications. Schoenmaker explains how his lab use a combination of 2D liquid chromatography systems from Waters, Shimadzu, Agient, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, but have also embraced 3D printing for cheaply and quickly producing prototypes.

Watch this video to hear Will Thompson, Senior Laboratory Administrator at the Duke University Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, discuss the facility's experimental setup for high throughput 2D LC. Parallel trapping allows separations occur simultaneously compared to traditions methods and, consequently, analysis of each fraction occurs immediately. The use of this technology has resulted in an increase in robustness with respect to retention time and reproducibility.

Watch this video to hear Arthur Moseley, Director of the Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility at Duke University, discuss their LC/MS assay for tumor associated antigens. By combining multiple modes of chromatography Arthur Moseley and his team can exploit the different mechanisms to produce as thorough a separation as possible. In doing so, they can perform LC-LC in a reproducible manner, which allows clear differentiation between any variances that are due to analytical noise versus what is to do with a biological signal.

In this video from Pittcon 2011, Waters introduce the new ACQUITY UPSFC System for ultra performance SFC. Primary applications of the system include chiral analysis and normal phase replacement. It offers an environmentally friendly, fast and high efficiency alternative to normal phase HPLC. Also learn about Waters' Biopharmaceutical System Solution with new UNIFI software, combining UPLC with high resolution MS to streamline biopharmaceutical workflows.