APOPTRAK
A novel cellular probe that can enter both INTACT and compromised cells.
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APOPTRAK™ is a chemical derivative of DRAQ5™. It is a novel cellular probe that can enter both intact and compromised cells, differentially revealing the relative integrity of an individual cell membrane. APOPTRAK™ is a useful probe for use in apoptosis assays.
APOPTRAK™ enters LIVE cells slowly and leaky (apoptotic) cells rapidly, to give a signal intensity difference of between 5- and 10-fold, depending on the cell type and treatment. This allows a positive discrimination between these two populations. APOPTRAK™ benefits from all the advantageous ""far-red"" spectral properties of its parent, but differs significantly in its rate of entry into LIVE cells.
Key benefits include:-
- Different rate of entry into LIVE and apoptotic cells, allowing positive discrimination by flow cytometry
- Easy to use - no lyse, no wash, no RNase needed
- Ideal for use with GFP & FITC labels - APOPTRAK™ fluoresces in the far-red region
Published data (Wiltshire et al, Cytometry 2000) suggests an ability of APOPTRAK™ to discriminate early and late apoptotic cells when used in combination with Annexin V.
How APOPTRAK™ Helps Report Cell Integrity in FC-Based Apoptosis Assays
This application note presents a solution for live cell marking and cell death sorting in FC-based apoptosis assays using APOPTRAK.
APOPTRAK™ in FC-Based Apoptosis Assays: Live Cell Marking and Cell Death Scoring
In apoptosis an ordered series of events leads to destruction of a single cell. The changes that occur can be assayed through DNA fragmentation, caspase activity (using permeant substrates e.g. FLICA™ probes), mitochondrial membrane potential (e.g. using TMRM), cytochrome C release, plasma membrane inversion (using Annexin V) and permeabilization being common choices. This application note demonstrates the use of APOPTRAK™ in the analysis of far-red fluorescent dye reporting cell integrity.
