Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, GermanyPhorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a phorbol ester. It works as a tumor promoter and is involved in gene transcription, cell growth, differentiation, programmed cell death, immune pathway and receptor desensitization via protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is also a model agent to study growth factors-, hormones-, and cytokines-mediated regulation of cellular growth and differentiation.