Measure Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Using Far-Red Fluorescence

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen resulting from aerobic cellular metabolism. These chemical species are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, homeostasis, and immunological defense. However, under periods of environmental stress, intracellular ROS levels can dramatically increase and cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These alterations are linked to a variety of pathological events such as male infertility, carcinogenesis, and many other physiological conditions.