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STAT1 is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. STATs undergo tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in response to growth factor or cytokine signaling. This phosphorylation results in dimerization and translocation of STAT proteins to the nucleus. STAT1 is alternatively spliced to give rise to STAT1a and STAT1b, both of which mediate interferon a activity, but only STAT1a mediates interferon-g activity. STAT1 plays a critical role in various forms of cell death, both apoptotic and non-apoptotic. The mechanisms of action are both by transcriptional activation of target genes, and by direct association with apoptotic regulators, including TRADD, p53, and HDAC (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6 and HDAC11). STAT1 target genes include the pro-inflammatory genes for iNOS, COX, VCAM, and ICAM, making STAT1 an attractive anti-inflammatory target.