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Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis: It regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis, is a counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. Glucagon is cleaved into eight peptide fragments, one of which is glucagon-like pepdide 2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon, is the principal target for GLP-2 action. GLP-2 plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. GLP-2 also stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability.