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DNMT1 (DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase) proteins are involved in DNA methylation in which a methyl group is added to a cytosine residue on DNA, commonly at the C5 position of a CpG dinucleotide. Three families of DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3 (comprised of DNMT3A and DNMT3B). DNMT1 is the most abundant DNMT in somatic cells and shows a preference for methylating hemi-methylated DNA. It is considered to be a maintenance DNA methyltransferase that is important in the maintenance of specific patterns of methylation throughout cellular divisions. Methylation of mammalian DNA has long been recognized to play a major role in a number of cellular functions such as embryonic development, genetic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and the control of gene expression. DNA methylation is generally associated with transcriptional repression.