The Cell Stimulation Cocktail (500X) is a cocktail of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Treatment with PMA and ionomycin is sufficient to induce activation of many cell types to produce cytokines. This cocktail can be used to induce cytokine production in in vitro cell culture for subsequent detection in immunoassays. It can also be used in conjunction with the Protein Transport Inhibitor Cocktail (500X) (cat. 00-4980) for intracellular retention of the induced cytokine expression.